Beijing (Fall 2015)
- Conducted in-depth interviews with civilian-established NGOs across various domains regarding government contracting & registration (environment, women’s rights, LGBT, HIV prevention, etc.)
Beijing, Shanghai (Fall 2016)
- Visited & interviewed social worker’s associations, academics, headquarters of neighborhood-service NGOs and their service sites
Shanghai, Wuhan (July 2017 – Spring 2018)
- Conducted interviews with neighborhood-based NGO incubators & mass organizations
- Carried out an original survey across 42 communities across 7 neighborhoods in 4 districts in Shanghai
- Compiled secondary literature written in Mandarin
Shanghai (May 2025 – June 2025)
- Exploratory discussions with scholars on social science research environment in China; preliminary exchange with a community NGO on outsourcing and grid management